Last Updated: April 29th, 2023
Although some would say the wine industry in Virginia is in its infancy, there is a remarkable history that goes back the 1800’s, involving one of our Founding Fathers! Now it is now the 5th largest producing state in the country with over 300 wineries. Each corner of Old Dominion is rife with natural beauty, history and all-star restaurants. From the mountains to the beach, city to the country-side, one thing is certain—Virginia is for Wine Lovers.
In 1807, Thomas Jefferson planted 24 varieties on his property in Monticello. A connoisseur himself, he aspired to grow vinifera but also played around with New World alternatives—Vitis labrusca and Vitis rotundifolia. Unfortunately his efforts never produced a single bottle.
RELATED: 10 Amazing Virginia Wineries To Visit Near Washington DC
The discovery in the late 1800s that native and European vines could be grafted brought a new hope to Virginia’s developing wine industry. While they were making progress with European varietals because of this discovery, it was a U.S. wine grape that really shook things up!, Norton, a grape cultivated in Richmond by Doctor Daniel Norton, made wines that were named “best red wine of all nations” at the Vienna World’s Fair in 1873; plus a gold medal for Norton at the Paris World’s Fair of 1889 when the Eiffel tower was constructed. Unfortunately, just as things started looking up for Virginia oenophiles, along came Prohibition…
Sweet Concord grapes were planted and wine grapes were pulled up. Grapes used for making wine served no purpose in an alcohol-free United States.
Twenty years later, when Prohibition was repealed, Virginia had to start from scratch and began experimenting with vinifera plantings. A few notable successes over the years include Italian pioneer vintner Gianni Zonin hiring Gabriele Rausse to grow and harvest vinifera grapes near Charlottesville. He established Barboursville Vineyards and then helped other vineyards do the same. By 1995, Virginia had 46 wineries. By 2005, there were 107. Now there are 260 and counting! “The vision of one of Virginia’s most renowned native sons, Thomas Jefferson, is now coming true.” [1]
Generally speaking, Virginia’s weather is considered a humid, subtropical region due to winter frost. During the summer, it can get a bit “sticky” due to the abundant water along the East Coast with the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean as well as the Potomac, Rappahannock, York, and James rivers and their tributaries. The air is, on average, 10 degrees cooler with less humidity in the mountains and Pinot Noir and Chardonnays have started to pop up from these areas.
RELATED: 6 Top Wineries To Visit in the Monticello AVA Near Charlottesville
There are seven AVAs, twelve different wine growing areas and five distinct climate regions: the Tidewater, Piedmont, Northern Virginia, Western Mountain and Southwestern Mountain.
They vary in climate, but there are common threads throughout the state.
Within the twelve wine growing areas or Virginia, there are currently 9 “official” wine regions or AVAs. These Virginia wine regions are designated wine grape-growing regions with specific geographic or climatic features that distinguish them from the surrounding areas.
This AVA is located in the eastern part of Virginia and includes parts of Accomack and Northampton counties. It covers the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay.
Situated in the northeastern part of Virginia, Middleburg AVA includes parts of Fauquier and Loudoun counties. It is named after the town of Middleburg.
This AVA is located in the central part of Virginia and covers parts of Albemarle, Fluvanna, Greene, Nelson, and Orange counties. It is named after Thomas Jefferson’s historic Monticello estate.
Located in southwestern Virginia, this AVA encompasses parts of Montgomery and Roanoke counties. It lies along the north fork of the Roanoke River.
This AVA is situated in the eastern part of Virginia and covers parts of King George, Lancaster, Northumberland, Richmond, and Westmoreland counties. It is named after George Washington’s birthplace, which is located in the region.
Located in southwestern Virginia, the Rocky Knob AVA covers parts of Floyd and Patrick counties. It is named after the Rocky Knob area in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
This AVA spans a large area in western Virginia and also includes parts of West Virginia. It covers parts of Augusta, Clarke, Frederick, Page, Rockingham, Shenandoah, and Warren counties in Virginia.
This AVA, located on the Delmarva Peninsula, covers parts of Accomack and Northampton counties in the eastern part of Virginia.
This AVA encompasses the Blue Ridge Mountains region in the western part of the state, though it is not officially recognized by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB).
Virginia is coming into their own and now have a keen sense of what grows well in each area. Chardonnay is the largest planted grape, followed by Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and then Petit Verdot in that order. The sixth largest planted grape is Viognier. The next tier of grapes includes Sauvignon Blanc, Pinto Grigio, Petit Manseng, Tannat, Chambourcin, Norton, Vidal Blanc and Traminette. There are currently 23 grape varieties that are followed in the industry survey that measures grape production in VA.
Some have come to know Viognier as “the official grape of Virginia”, but Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay and Petit Verdot are encroaching on that status.
Best known as the aromatic white grape of the Condrieu appellation in the northern Rhône, Viognier is a floral and perfumed white with a luscious body and low acidity. Wineries in Virginia are experimenting with blends, dessert-styles and even orange wines made with the grape.
Another grape best known for its role in France, Cabernet Franc is a major player in Bordeaux red blends adding finesse, and stands alone in the Loire Valley. Less tannic than its offspring Cabernet Sauvignon, it has an intense green character in aromas and flavor. Planted widely, it seems to have found a home in Virginia as a leading red variety.
The Petit Verdot grape is another example of a Bordeaux red grape that is thriving in Virginia, in blends and single varietals. Alive with tannic expression, full body and good acidity; this is a grape that grown and vinified well, has excellent ageability. Library wines are an important part of the growth of a wine region.
Another French grape flourishing in Virginia — Petit Manseng is mostly grown in Southwest France, it has rich aromas of spice and honey. It can be made as a dessert wine or a dry-style, and adds beautiful complexity to blends.
Interested in visiting some of the best wineries in Virginia and using Washington DC as a homebase? We highly recommend it. While you could stay in Virginia wine country at some fantastic accommodations, it’s also not a bad idea to stay in DC, explore wine bars and monuments, and visit Virginia’s wine regions as a day trip. Read our list of recommended Virginia wineries here.
[1] Old Town Crier Virginia is for Wine Lovers
We have made 2 trips to Virginia to explore the wines and the Cab Franc they are producing there is fantastic. I visited the beautiful King Family Vineyards, but missed a polo match! We also enjoyed Veritas, Stone tower and Blenheim. We even tasted a bit of Norton at Chrysalis. There is so much to explore in this region and the wines, I expect, will continue to get better!
Those are all beautiful wineries! The Cab Franc coming out of VA right now is top notch.
This is one region we’re extremely curious about. We’re hearing more and more about wines from Virginia and we can’t wait to get there in person soon–thanks for the inspiration!
It’s worth the trip!
This is a great post that tells me why things happen, like prohibition and climate, instead of simply that something exists. It’s these details that really draw me in and make me know an area. I was driving through rural Virginia, near Monticello, and noticed all of the wineries. I have now found my context for those sightings. Thank you.
Thanks Jenn and Ed! Sidenote, my Irish relatives are Colemans!
I would never think of Virginia for a wine country trip! I didn’t even realize they were making wine. It sounds like I’d enjoy Virgina wine, too. I love when we have really hot and dry years here in Bordeaux, because then you’ll find a small percentage of Petit Verdot in the blends. It adds this pepperyness to the wines that I really enjoy.
Jennifer, they are making single varietal Petit Verdot that is stellar!
Love learning about Virginia wines as I have spent so little time there. Interesting about the historical context and the varietals. Prohibition was such a waste! I’d love to arrange a wine tour next time I get there.
The only thing Prohibition was good for was creating cool speakeasys. 😉
How funny! I’m actually staying at an inn at a winery right now. Each room has a name. Most are names I recognize. But the room next door is called Norton, and I had no idea the significance of that name. Until I read your post!
SO funny!!! Which winery?
I didn’t know much about the Virginia Wine Country, now I’m curious to try some wines from the region. Checking out a polo match while sipping on small-batch wines does sound lovely.
King Family makes a skin contact Petit Manseng that is insane!!!
I can’t believe I didn’t know about the vineyards in Monticello when I was there! Never thought I would have a reason to go back to Virginia, but I think I have to go to some of these vineyards. Thanks for the recommendations!
I highly recommend a return trip!
The article mentions four of the largest operations in the state – all good. But there’s lots of fun, adventure, scenery and great wines to be had T the ‘other’ 256 VA wineries. Like us at DuCard Vineyards just as an example. Back roads exploration can lead to memorable finds !
[…] Wine Traveler – 9/20/2018 – Crib sheet for planning explorations of Virginia wine country. […]